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LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
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| Year : 2013 | Volume
: 8
| Issue : 1 | Page : 66 |
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| Failure of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: Still, there are more things to learn |
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Antonio M Esquinas1, Guniz Koksal2
1 International Fellow AARC, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| Date of Web Publication | 9-Jan-2013 |
Correspondence Address:
Antonio M Esquinas
International Fellow AARC, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia
Spain
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.105727
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How to cite this article:
Esquinas AM, Koksal G. Failure of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: Still, there are more things to learn. Ann Thorac Med 2013;8:66 |
How to cite this URL:
Esquinas AM, Koksal G. Failure of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: Still, there are more things to learn. Ann Thorac Med [serial online] 2013 [cited 2023 Mar 31];8:66. Available from: https://www.thoracicmedicine.org/text.asp?2013/8/1/66/105727 |
Sir,
Gursel et al. provide great and original contributions to understand non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) response in a broad population of patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). [1] In this study, there are two major findings relevant, such as prior home mechanical ventilation (HMV) and high levels of pressure support (PS) which are predictors of NIV failure in AHRF. We would add that these issues are highlight relevant and extend information to acute strategy in NIV failure prevention and treatment. However, there are some limitations of the study to improve the discussion that may achieve overall interpretation of results and should be taken into account.
First, previous HMV is a risk factor for failure, as few studies have highlighted this as a factor in the NIV failure. [2] However, this aspect still remains controversial since some previous studies published results in the opposite direction. [3] We consider that previous HMV has potential influence for NIV failure through other mechanisms, such as: (1) a worse baseline functional status, muscular respiratory fatigue, and severe air trapping auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP); (2) adaptive changes among nasal to facial interface is a well-known intolerance factor; and (3) incompatibility of NIV equipment and parameters such as trigger (ventilator-patient asynchrony). [3]
Second, the point of view of design and analysis methodology in some aspects needs considerations: (a) heterogeneous mixture of patients with the need for a better definition of AHRF (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Overlap syndrome) where pathophysiology and interaction with NIV in acute setting are critical factors to understand failure. (b) Criteria to select NIV parameters and setting used. In this sense, there is no clear explanation for efficiency of PS mode and tidal volume target (VT) in decreasing the PaCO 2 levels and pH. Did the authors target decrease of PaCO 2 who had normal pH? The authors considered the implementation strategy that PS-VT may be more appropriate for a volume of 6-8 ml/kg instead of a 450-500 ml for every patient. Nevertheless, this strategy cannot be extrapolated to all forms of etiologies in AHRF. Other factor that this study was not adequately assessed with a potential contribution could be the level of hypoxemia response and NIV-failure, e.g., fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) levels applied is unknown. (c) The criteria established to the indications to endotracheal intubation are not explained in detail. (d) Sedation drugs used reduces the rate of pCO 2 control.
Third, readmission rate, as NIV response, is not supported by authors in their conclusions. This is a great relevant aspect to consider in NIV failure as it was not evaluated as determined in previous studies. In this regard, the relationship with prognosis in acute stage is a well-established factor. [4],[5]
We believe that this study provides a substantial baseline and profile information for the planning of decision-making strategies and appropriate treatment in the first day of therapy. Further prospective studies are required to validate these observations.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Gursel G, Aydogdu M, Tasyurek S, Gulbas G, Ozkaya S, Nazik S, et al. Factors associated with noninvasive ventilation response in the first day of therapy in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Ann Thorac Med 2012;7:92-7. 
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| 2. | Cheung AP, Chan VL, Liong JT, Lam JY, Leung WS, Lin A, et al. A pilot trial of non-invasive home ventilation after acidotic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010;14:642-9.
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| 3. | Kaya A, Ciledað A, Caylý I, Onen ZP, Sen E, Gülbay B. Associated factors with non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Tuberk Toraks 2010;58:128-34.
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| 4. | Almagro P, Calbo E, Ochoa de Echagüen A, Barreiro B, Quintana S, Heredia JL, et al. Mortality after hospitalization for COPD. Chest 2002;121:1441-8.
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| 5. | Chu CM, Chan VL, Lin AW, Wong IW, Leung WS, Lai CK. Readmission rates and life threatening events in COPD survivors treated with non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Thorax 2004;59:1020-5.
[PUBMED] |
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